a) JavaScript Frameworks

• React (Library)
  Developed by Facebook, React is a powerful library for building dynamic user interfaces, especially single-page applications (SPAs). It uses a component-based architecture and a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.

• Angular
  Maintained by Google, Angular is a full-fledged framework for building complex web applications. It supports two-way data binding, dependency injection, and robust testing tools.

• ** Vue.js**
  
  Vue.js is a progressive framework known for its simplicity and flexibility. It’s great for integrating into projects incrementally and is favored for its gentle learning curve.

b) Python Frameworks

• Django
  Django is a high-level Python framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. It follows the batteries-included philosophy, providing built-in tools for authentication, database management, and more.

• Flask
  Flask is a lightweight, micro-framework for Python, offering flexibility and simplicity. It's ideal for small applications and APIs, giving developers more control over components.

c) Ruby Frameworks

• Ruby on Rails
  Rails is a full-stack framework that emphasizes convention over configuration and rapid development. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, making it easy to build scalable and maintainable web applications.

  d) PHP Frameworks

• Laravel
  Laravel is a modern PHP framework known for its elegant syntax and developer-friendly tools. It simplifies tasks like routing, authentication, and caching while promoting clean code architecture.

• Symfony
  Symfony is a robust PHP framework used for building scalable applications. It's highly flexible and often forms the foundation for other frameworks, like Laravel.